![]() In-person interviews were completed for 384 women with breast cancer, six of whom were excluded because of a history of previous breast cancer. Thus, 304 women with fibrocystic changes were included in this study. From these 343 women, we further excluded 23 women for whom the date of blood draw was >30 days before or 2 weeks after the date of diagnosis or >30 days from the date of interview and 16 women in whom neither daidzein or genistein could be measured. 4) were completed for 551 of the women with fibrocystic changes 343 of these women had satisfactory slides (i.e., at least five scanning power fields) for pathologic review and a satisfactory blood sample. A total of 622 women with fibrocystic conditions and 432 with breast cancer were detected during this study period. ![]() Women in the trial cohort, who received a breast biopsy in one of these hospitals and who were diagnosed with breast cancer or benign breast disease between September 1995 and July 2000, were eligible for the present study. ![]() Consequently, use of biomarkers that integrate dietary intake and metabolic handling and absorption of isoflavones may be more informative than measuring dietary intake alone.Īpproximately, two thirds of the women in the cohort who had a breast biopsy were diagnosed and treated in one of the three hospitals operated by the Shanghai Textile Industrial Bureau. However, isoflavones undergo significant intestinal bacterial metabolism, such that urinary recovery of the parent isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, and their metabolites is typically 7% to 18% and 42% to 62%, respectively ( 8). For the most part, these studies have relied on estimating soy and isoflavone intake using food frequency questionnaires or other dietary report instruments. One study found a significant inverse association between soy food intake and risk of proliferative fibrocystic breast conditions, but not of nonproliferative fibrocystic conditions, or of breast cancer with or without concomitant proliferative fibrocystic conditions in extratumoral tissue ( 4). Epidemiologic studies of the relationship between intake of soy foods and breast cancer have yielded inconsistent results ( 7). Because of their ability to compete with endogenous estrogens for estrogen receptor binding, these compounds have received considerable attention for their potential chemopreventive effects in relation to breast cancer ( 6). Dietary isoflavones, found almost exclusively in soy foods, are estrogenic phytochemicals that bind to estrogen receptors α and β ( 5). (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007 16(12):2579–86)Įxposures and reproductive lifestyle factors that modulate steroid hormones are associated with both breast cancer and fibrocystic breast conditions ( 4). Observed risks for breast cancer with and without surrounding proliferative changes were not different, respectively, from observed risks for benign proliferative and nonproliferative conditions alone.Ĭonclusion: Isoflavone exposure was inversely associated with fibrocystic breast conditions and breast cancer, and the results suggest that effects on cancer risk occur early in carcinogenesis. Results: Isoflavone concentrations were inversely associated with risk of nonproliferative and proliferative benign fibrocystic conditions, as well as with breast cancer, both with and without concomitant proliferative changes in ipsilateral noncancerous mammary epithelium ( P trend 76.95 ng/mL) were less likely to have breast cancer (odds ratio, 0.26 95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.50) or benign conditions (odds ratio, 0.40 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.70) compared with women in the lowest quartile (<9.42 ng/mL). Benign conditions were classified as nonproliferative ( n = 131) or proliferative with or without atypia ( n = 173). Materials and Methods: We examined possible relationships between plasma genistein and daidzein concentrations and risk of breast disease in women, in a breast self-examination trial in Shanghai, China, diagnosed with breast cancer ( n = 196) or a benign breast condition ( n = 304), and 1,002 age-matched controls with no known breast disease. Soy isoflavone exposure may influence breast cancer risk, but little is known of its association with benign conditions. Factors acting before onset of hyperplasia might be associated with both benign conditions and breast cancer, whereas those on the proliferative disease-to-cancer pathway would be associated only with cancer. Background: Proliferative benign breast conditions are associated with elevated risk of breast cancer, whereas nonproliferative conditions are not strongly associated with risk.
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